Fasting

شَهۡرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِىۡٓ اُنۡزِلَ فِيۡهِ الۡقُرۡاٰنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّنٰتٍ مِّنَ الۡهُدٰى وَالۡفُرۡقَانِۚ فَمَنۡ شَهِدَ مِنۡكُمُ الشَّهۡرَ فَلۡيَـصُمۡهُ ؕ وَمَنۡ کَانَ مَرِيۡضًا اَوۡ عَلٰى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنۡ اَيَّامٍ اُخَرَؕ يُرِيۡدُ اللّٰهُ بِکُمُ الۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيۡدُ بِکُمُ الۡعُسۡرَ وَلِتُکۡمِلُوا الۡعِدَّةَ وَلِتُکَبِّرُوا اللّٰهَ عَلٰى مَا هَدٰٮكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّکُمۡ تَشۡكُرُوۡنَ‏ 

The month of Ramadan (is that) in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So, whoever sights (the new moon of) the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and (wants) for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you, and perhaps you will be grateful.

Al Baqara (4) - 185

Start Fast (Sahoor)

End Fast (Iftar)

Things that don't break Fast

Eating or drinking unintentionally

Mosquito, fly going through throat

Water entering ears

Dust, dirt going through throat

Swallowing one's own saliva

Injection

Surma in eyes

Taking bath to keep cool

Rubbing oil on body

Vomit unintentionall

Applying itr or perfume

Miswak

Wet dream

Blood donation/ test

Rinsing mouth or nose (not excessive)

Sleeping

Things that break Fast

Eating

Drinking

Smoking

Intercourse

Masturbation

Vomiting intentionally

Menstruation 

Nose intake

Ear intake

People exempted from fasting

Sick

Traveller